Linux Tips: How to add the Repository of VirtualBox 3.1.8 for Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx

引用・抜粋しまくりのパッチワークで、おそれいりヤス。後にまとめるための覚え書きノート・・・デス (Orz).

最新ニュースを追記しました。 by Baian on Fri May/21/2010,
New "May 18, 2010 VirtualBox 3.2.0 released!"

About VirtualBox: Oracle VM VirtualBox is a general-purpose full virtualizer for x86 hardware that originally created by German software company innotek GmbH, purchased by Sun Microsystems, and now developed by Oracle as part of its family of virtualization products.
It is installed on an existing host operating system; within this application, additional guest operating systems, each known as a Guest OS, can be loaded and run, each with its own virtual environment.
Targeted at server, desktop and embedded use, it is now the only professional-quality virtualization solution that is also Open Source Software.

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1-1. Features of VirtualBox:

• Modularity. VirtualBox has an extremely modular design with well-defined internal programming interfaces and a client/server design. This makes it easy to control it from several interfaces at once: for example, you can start a virtual machine in a typical virtual machine GUI and then control that machine from the command line, or possibly remotely. VirtualBox also comes with a full Software Development Kit: even though it is Open Source Software, you don't have to hack the source to write a new interface for VirtualBox.


• Virtual machine descriptions in XML. The configuration settings of virtual machines are stored entirely in XML and are independent of the local machines. Virtual machine definitions can therefore easily be ported to other computers.


• Guest Additions for Windows, Linux and Solaris. VirtualBox has special software that can be installed inside Windows, Linux and Solaris virtual machines to improve performance and make integration much more seamless. Among the features provided by these Guest Additions are mouse pointer integration and arbitrary screen solutions (e.g. by resizing the guest window). There are also guest additions for OS/2 with somewhat reduced functionality.


• Shared folders. Like many other virtualization solutions, for easy data exchange between hosts and guests, VirtualBox allows for declaring certain host directories as "shared folders", which can then be accessed from within virtual machines.

A number of extra features are available with the full VirtualBox release only (see the "Editions" page for details):

• Virtual USB Controllers. VirtualBox implements a virtual USB controller and allows you to connect arbitrary USB devices to your virtual machines without having to install device specific drivers on the host.


• Remote Desktop Protocol. Unlike any other virtualization software, VirtualBox fully supports the standard Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). A virtual machine can act as an RDP server, allowing you to "run" the virtual machine remotely on some thin client that merely displays the RDP data.


• USB over RDP. With this unique feature, a virtual machine that acts as an RDP server can still access arbitrary USB devices that are connected on the RDP client. This way, a powerful server machine can virtualize a lot of thin clients that merely need to display RDP data and have USB devices plugged in.

1-2. Hardware Requirements:

　 In order to run VirtualBox on your machine, you need the following:

• Reasonably powerful x86 hardware. Any recent Intel or AMD processor should do.


• Memory. Depending on what guest operating systems you want to run, you will need at least 512 MB of RAM (but probably more, and the more the better).
  Basically, you will need whatever your host operating system needs to run comfortably, plus the amount that the guest operating system needs.
  So, if you want to run Windows XP on Windows XP, you probably won't enjoy the experience much with less than 1 GB of RAM.
  If you want to try out Windows Vista in a guest, it will refuse to install if it is given less than 512 MB RAM, so you'll need that for the guest alone, plus the memory your operating system normally needs.


• Hard disk space. While VirtualBox itself is very lean (a typical installation will only need about 30 MB of hard disk space), the virtual machines will require fairly huge files on disk to represent their own hard disk storage.
  So, to install Windows XP, for example, you will need a file that will easily grow to several GB in size.


• A supported host operating system. Presently, we support Windows (primarily XP) and many Linux distributions on 32-bit hosts and on 64-bit hosts. Support for Mac OS X and Solaris and OpenSolaris appeared in 1.6.


• A supported guest operating system. Besides the "user manual", up-to-date information is available at "Status: Guest OSes".

ScreenShot: "Status: Guest OSes"

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2. Download and Install VirtualBox for Linux Hosts

Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid Lynx) Virtualbox
novelldesktop - 2009年12月28日

2-1. VirtualBox package for Ubuntu 10.04

VirtualBox には以下のように２種類のバージョンがあります。

VirtualBox(Non Free版)

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個人や教育あるいは評価目的の製品の利用において無料です。

※ サードパーティのレポジトリや手動でダウンロードしたパッケージを利用した場合、アップグレード時に特別な操作が必要となる場合があります。

To run VirtualBox 3.1.8, you will need to install the VirtualBox package from the repository. Please choose the appropriate package for Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx.

• Ubuntu 10.04 ("Lucid Lynx") i386 | AMD64

Note: The package architecture has to match the Linux kernel architecture, that is, if you are running a 64-bit kernel, install the appropriate AMD64 package (it does not matter if you have an Intel or an AMD CPU). Mixed installations (e.g. Debian/Lenny ships an AMD64 kernel with 32-bit packages) are not supported. To install VirtualBox anyway you need to setup a 64-bit chroot environment.

VirtualBox Open Source Edition(OSE)

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オープンソース版です。virtualbox-ose パッケージをインストールしてください。

After several years of intensive development, VirtualBox was released as Open Source in January 2007. innotek has chosen to release its VirtualBox source code under the GNU General Public License (GPL).

• The VirtualBox Open Source Edition (OSE) is the one that has been released under the GPL and comes with complete source code. It is functionally equivalent to the full VirtualBox package, except for a few features that primarily target enterprise customers. This gives us a chance to generate revenue to fund further development of VirtualBox.

  VirtualBox OSE is also available from the Downloads page.

※ オープンソース版では、次の機能が利用できません。

• Remote Desktop Protocol(RDP)サーバ機能
• USBサポート
• USB over RDP

2-2. How to add the repository for Ubuntu 10.04 "Lucid Lynx"

Add one of the following lines to your /etc/apt/sources.list:

 deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian lucid non-free

The Sun public key for apt-secure can be downloaded here.
You can add this key with:

 $ sudo apt-key add sun_vbox.asc

or combine downloading and registering:


$ sudo add-apt-repository 'deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian lucid non-free'
$ wget -q http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian/sun_vbox.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -



The key fingerprint is:


AF45 1228 01DA D613 29EF 9570 DCF9 F87B 6DFB CBAE
Sun Microsystems, Inc. (xVM VirtualBox archive signing key)<info@virtualbox.org>


Then to install VirtualBox, open your terminal and input the following command :

 $ sudo apt-get update
 $ sudo apt-get install virtualbox-3.1

You might want to compare the MD5 SUMS to verify the integrity of downloaded packages.

Note: Ubuntu users might want to install the dkms package (not available on Debian) to ensure that the VirtualBox host kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) are properly updated if the linux kernel version changes during the next apt-get upgrade.
The dkms package can be installed through the Synaptic Package manager or through the following command:

 $ sudo apt-get install dkms

Note: about VirtualBox 3.2.0 Beta2:

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VirtualBox 3.2 beta 2 is not available in this repository so if you want to download Beta 2, you can do it manually from HERE.
VirtualBox 3.2 Beta 2 comes with support for MacOS X, meaning you can install the original MacOS X in your Linux or Windows VirtualBox.

What's New: May 18, 2010 VirtualBox 3.2.0 released!

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"May 18, 2010. The VirtualBox team today released a significant new version of Oracle VM VirtualBox(TM), its high performance, cross-platform virtualization software.
VirtualBox 3.2, the first Oracle branded release since the acquisition of Sun Microsystems, Inc by Oracle Corp. earlier this year, contains many innovative new features which deliver further significant improvements in performance, power and supported guest operating system platforms." Read more ... →  追記：by Baian, on Fri May/21/2010

References

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Download and Installation:

• Ubuntu Tips/アプリケーション/「アクセサリ」カテゴリのアプリケーション/VirtualBox を使うには
• Download VirtualBox for Linux Hosts
• VirtualBox Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx Repository

Documentation:

• The User Manual of the current VirtualBox release
• Sun xVM VirtualBox 日本語ユーザマニュアル ver.2.1.0, 2004-2008
あるいは、ここから

• End-user documentation
VirtualBox HOWTOs and tutorials

• Technical documentation

• Source code repository timeline

• List of changes (changelog)

Ubuntu Tips: How To Disable IPv6 in Ubuntu 10.04

Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx 関連の小技をひとつ。

Reference: How To Disable IPv6 In Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx:
Posted by Andrew | 03 May, 2010

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I'm not sure if IPv6 in Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx is still causing issues with the Internet connection being slow and so on, but in case it does here's how to disable it.

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◆ Ipv6 はデフォルトで有効になっている。チェックするには、端末を起動して、次のコマンドを与えるとよい。
To check if IPv6 is disabled, run the following command:

baian@lucid-lynx:~$ cat /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/disable_ipv6 0

  0 means it's enabled and 1 - disabled.

This tweak is thanks to an old comment from Stonecut (this way you don't have to edit the GRUB).

◆ 基本的に、Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx で IPv6 を無効にするためには、/etc/sysctl.conf を編集して、以下に記述した数行を追記するとよい。

Basically, to disable IPv6 in Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx, you have to add the following lines to /etc/sysctl.conf:

baian@lucid-lynx:~$ sudo vi /etc/sysctl.conf # To disable IPv6 in Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx, # add the following lines; net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1 net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1 net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1

     ※ typo: Above command line; $ pfexec ; correction -->> $ sudo
        mod.date: Aug/22/2011 06:37 JST.   

◆ 上述の /etc/sysctl.conf の編集作業を コマンドラインで操作するには、端末を開いて以下のスクリプトをコピー＆ペーストすればよい。
To do it from the command line, paste this in a terminal:

baian@lucid-lynx:~$ echo '#disable ipv6' | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf echo 'net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1' | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf echo 'net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1' | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf echo 'net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1' | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf

◆ ここで一旦システムを再起動して、本稿のはじめに記述した IPv6 チェックコマンドを与えて、IPv6 が無効になっていることを確認する。
Then reboot and check if IPv6 has been disabled with the command in the beginning of the post.

baian@lucid-lynx:~$ cat /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/disable_ipv6 1

  ※ ここで、IPv6 は無効化された。(返り値＝ １)
  0 means it's enabled and 1 - disabled.

If for some reason IPv6 still shows up as enabled in Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx, you can use the method described in THIS post.

This tweak (and others) will go into Ubuntu 10.04 Start script (I don't know why I didn't think of this before).

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• To disable the DNS by IPv6 with Firefox 3.6.3 on Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx

Ubuntu 10.04 をインストール直後の FireFoxのブラウジングが異様に遅い・・・DNSの名前解決がやたら遅い。
どうやらIPv6での接続を試みて、失敗するとIPv4の接続に切り替えているようだ。

◇ 回避策として、

1. FireFox のアドレスバーに「about:config」と入力してエンター。
   「動作保証対象外になります」という警告ダイアログのあるページが表示されるので、設定を変更する場合は「細心の注意を払って使用する」ボタンをクリックする。
2. 設定の一覧画面が表示される。フィルター(F) 窓に IPv6 と入力する。「network.dns.disableIPv6」という設定名が検索表示される。
3. 表示された「network.dns.disableIPv6」という設定名をダブルクリックして、値を「True」に変更する。
   こうすることで、IPv6 での名前解決が無効となり、最初から IPv4 での名前解決を行うことになる。
4. FireFox を再起動する。多少なりとも軽快になったようだ。・・・おまじないか・・・

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これも参考まで：Ubuntu 日本語フォーラム【HowTo】Firefoxを高速化する設定

Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Release Schedule

LucidReleaseSchedule:

* Ubuntu LTS Release Details
* Please do not edit
* Freezes normally happen at the start of the given date, UTC time. So last minute changes need to happen the day before.
* Some background information and Q&A about the Ubuntu release process can be found on TimeBasedReleases
* See the Schedules of other projects

Google HTML calendar of Lucid schedule
Lucid schedule as iCal

April 2010
	April 1st		Beta2Freeze
	April 8th		Beta2Release	Beta 2
	April 15th	Rebuild Test, Final translation export from LP	FinalFreeze, NonLanguagePackTranslationDeadline
	April 22nd		ReleaseCandidate, LanguagePackTranslationDeadline	ReleaseCandidate
	April 29th		FinalRelease	Ubuntu 10.04 LTS

Ubuntu 10.04 Code Name Announced: Lucid Lynx

20１０年４月にリリースされる予定の、Ubuntu 10.04 の "コードネーム" についてのアナウンスがあった。
" Lucid Lynx " ・・・ " 明晰な?ヤマネコ " だ。 このヴァージョンは LTS （サポート期間は5年間）となる予定で GNOME 3.0 が採用されるそうだ。　

ちなみに、目下αバージョンで開発中の、2009年10月にリリースされる予定の Ubuntu 9.10 の コードネームは "Karmic Koala" ・・・ " 宿命的な？コアラ " 、サンスクリット哲学するコアラ なのかな？

Ubuntu の 正式リリース版の命名について：
"Ubuntu X.YY" :  ここで X は "年号ー2000"、YY は "月名" となる。 それぞれのリリースに対応するコードネームは "Adjective Animal" ・・・形容句を付けた動物名 が採用されていて、 Adjective と Animal の頭文字には 同じ文字が当てられている。 たとえば、 intrepid Ibex, Jaunty Jackalope, Karmic Koala といった具合に。　詳しくは Ubuntu wiki で。

この Ubuntu wiki の末尾には、将来にわたってリリースされる Ubuntu のコードネーム候補の一覧表が掲載されている。 　これはファンキー＆ファニーな名前だ！ と思い付いたユーザの方々は このコードネームのリストに書き加えてはいかが？

Ubuntu is known for having the funkiest release code names around. From time to time users suggest potential names, so if you have a magical idea, please add it to the table at the bottom of this page.

Quoted Issues: Ubuntu 10.04 Cod Name Announced: Lucid Lynx:

"Ubuntu is known for having the funkiest release code names around. Version 10.04 (to be released in April, 2010) will be named 'Lucid Lynx', points out the Ubuntu wiki.

In case you don't know, the 2 words in the Ubuntu cod names follow this pattern: 'Adjective Animal', so that's where Intrepid Ibex, Jaunty Jackalope, Karmic Koala and now Lucid Lynx came from (notice that the 2 words always start with the same letter).

On the same Ubuntu wiki page, there are already sugestions for future versions, some of which are very funny. For instance, here are some suggestions for Ubuntu 10.10: Marauding Macaque, Majestic Manatee, Merry Meerkat, Modest Mouse, Maudlin Manatee, Magnificent Mara, Mysterious Mockingbird, Mutinous Mouse. And that's just for 10.10; there are suggestions for even later Ubuntu versions.

[image via wikipedia]